TLDR Tech / Data
Design S3 Object Storage Like a Senior Engineer
S3-scale object storage hinges on a flat, immutable namespace: buckets hold objects identified by keys, while metadata is separated from payload bytes so the system can scale independently. At ~100PB and hundreds of millions of objects, the design requires distributed metadata sharding, merged on-disk segment files to avoid inode exhaustion, and chunking of large objects for parallel reads and range requests.
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